Intraradicular Dentinal Changes Following Fiber Postremoval: Micro-computed Tomography Analysis.

Context: Excessive dentine wear during postremoval can occur due to the adhesion between the cement and the post. Aim: The aim is to evaluate dentine wear and microcrack occurrence following the removal of intraradicular fiberglass posts that were previously cemented with two types of resin cement. Methods: Distal roots (n = 38) of lower molars were instrumented, filled, prepared for intraradicular postinstallation, and divided into two groups according to the cement used for the posts: RelyX ARC or RelyX U200. The posts were removed through abrasion using ultrasonic diamond tips, after which the degrees of dentine wear (volume/mm3) and microcrack formation were assessed using microcomputed tomographic imaging. Statistical Analysis Used: The Mann-Whitney U (P ≤ 0.05) and Chi-squared tests (P ≤ 0.05) were used. Results: After the removal of the posts, no statistically significant difference in root canal volume or microcrack occurrence was observed between the groups (P > 0.05). The procedure produced significant dentine wear regardless of the type of cement used (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The removal of fiberglass posts caused extensive dentine wear but did not influence microcrack occurrence. The type of resin cement used did not affect the dentine loss or microcrack appearance that resulted from fiberglass postremoval.

Ionic concentration in periradicular medium after dissolution of endodontic file fragments: an in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to obtain ionic quantification in periradicular medium after diffusion tests of the solution used inside root canals during the electrochemical dissolution of endodontic file fragments and the NiTi-containing dissolution product via an apical foramen. Thirty single-rooted extracted human teeth had root canals prepared and were attached to Eppendorf tubes filled with sterile saline. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the solution used inside the root canal during the diffusion tests: Group 1: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L]; Group 2: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L + NiTi 0.50 g/L]; Group 3: [NaF 6 g/L + NaCl 0.5 g/L + NiTi 0.25 g/L]. The sample in each Eppendorf tube was then analyzed to assay the ionic quantification in periradicular medium. The groups were compared in relation to ionic quantifications (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, p ≤ 0.05). Group 2 showed significantly higher F-, Ni and Ti quantities than groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed significantly higher Ti and Ni quantities than group 1, where no measurable quantities of Ti and Ni were observed (p < 0.05). The conclusions were that a 50% dilution of the NiTi-containing dissolution product resulted in significantly lower F-, Ni and Ti quantities compared to the undiluted product. The quantifications observed here suggest that irrigation is recommendable during the electrochemical dissolution process to reduce the resultant ion concentrations in both the root canal and the periradicular medium.

Ionic concentration in periradicular medium after dissolution of endodontic file fragments: an in vitro study

Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain ionic quantification in periradicular medium after diffusion tests of the solution used inside root canals during the electrochemical dissolution of endodontic file fragments and the NiTi-containing dissolution product via an apical foramen. Thirty single-rooted extracted human teeth had root canals prepared and were attached to Eppendorf tubes filled with sterile saline. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the solution used inside the root canal during the diffusion tests: Group 1: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L]; Group 2: [NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L + NiTi 0.50 g/L]; Group 3: [NaF 6 g/L + NaCl 0.5 g/L + NiTi 0.25 g/L]. The sample in each Eppendorf tube was then analyzed to assay the ionic quantification in periradicular medium. The groups were compared in relation to ionic quantifications (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, p ≤ 0.05). Group 2 showed significantly higher F-, Ni and Ti quantities than groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed significantly higher Ti and Ni quantities than group 1, where no measurable quantities of Ti and Ni were observed (p < 0.05). The conclusions were that a 50% dilution of the NiTi-containing dissolution product resulted in significantly lower F-, Ni and Ti quantities compared to the undiluted product. The quantifications observed here suggest that irrigation is recommendable during the electrochemical dissolution process to reduce the resultant ion concentrations in both the root canal and the periradicular medium.

Aplicação de dinâmicas educativas sobre saúde durante a Semana de Saúde Escolar: relato de experiência / Application of educational dynamics on health during School Health Week: experience report

A extensão universitária permite que a universidade se aproximeda sociedade e que a troca de saberes possa permear a construção do conhecimento técnico-científico. O objetivo deste artigoé descrever a experiência do desenvolvimento de ações de promoção de saúde geral e bucal, desenvolvidas em um projeto de extensão da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Desta forma, atividades lúdicas foram selecionadas como meios didáticos e aplicados em escolares (08 a 13 anos)da Escola Municipal Henfil, CIEP HENFIL -RJ. Os temas em saúde foram selecionados de acordo com a realidade dos escolares e envolveram os órgãos dos sentidos criando a Dinâmica dos sentidos e a Dinâmica do Autocuidado. A equipe executora foi formada por docentes, técnicos administrativos e discentes de graduação. Participaram ativamente das ações 150 crianças que demonstraram interesse e curiosidade. Ademais, os escolares criaram vínculos com os discentes de graduação, relações de cumplicidade, se sentindo seguros para compartilhar seus anseios e inseguranças quanto aos assuntos abordados.O presente trabalho destaca o processo de construção da ideia, delineamento das atividades, aquisição do material, capacitação para execução e aborda a aplicação das dinâmicas, as experiências e principais resultados (AU).

The university extension allows the university to approach society,and the resulting exchange of information can encourage the construction of technicaland scientific knowledge. The aim of this article is to describe the experience of the development of general and oral health promotion actions, developed in an extension project of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Playful activities were selected as didactic means and applied to schoolchildren (aged 8 to 13) at HenfilMunicipal School, CIEP HENFIL -RJ. Health topics were selected according to schoolchildrens' needs and involved dynamics of the senses and dynamics of self-care. The executing team was formed of professors, administrative technicians,and undergraduate students. Participants included 150 children who showed interest and curiosity in the activities.In addition, the participants formed bonds with undergraduate students, which facilitated collaborative relationshipsin which studentsfeltsafe to share their anxieties and insecurities regarding the issues addressedin the activities.The present work highlights the process of constructing ideas, designing activities, acquiring materials, executing the study,and the application of dynamics, experiences,and main results (AU).

Apical debris extrusion during instrumentation with continuous and reciprocating systems

Objective: to evaluate the amount of apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using continuous and reciprocating systems. Material and Methods: Forty lower incisors were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n=10) for root canal preparation. Two multifile systems with continuous rotation (iRace® and Mtwo®) and two reciprocating single-file systems (Reciproc® and WaveOne®) were used. In the iRace® group, the R1 (15/.06), R2 (25/.04) and R3 (30/.04) instruments were used. In the Mtwo® group, the 10/.04, 15/.05, 20/.06, and 25/.06 instruments were used. In the Reciproc® and WaveOne® groups, the R25 and 25/.04 instruments were used, respectively. Apical debris extrusion was determined by calculating the difference between the pre- and post-instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes. Statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with the Bonferroni correction (p<0.05). Results: The iRace® group demonstrated significantly more apical extrusion than the Reciproc® group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the Mtwo®, Reciproc®, and WaveOne® groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: All of the evaluated systems produced apical debris extrusion. The iRace® system produced more apical debris extrusion than the Reciproc® system, and there was no difference observed in this regard between the Mtwo®, Reciproc®, and WaveOne® systems.

Objetivo: avaliar a quantidade de debris extruidos apicalmente durante o preparo do canal radicular usando sistemas de rotação contínua e reciprocante. Materiais e Métodos: Quarenta incisivos inferiores foram selecionados e randomicamente divididos em quatro grupos (n=10) para o preparo do canal radicular. Dois sistemas de limas múltiplas de rotação contínua (iRace® e Mtwo®) e dois sistemas de limas únicas reciprocantes (Reciproc® e WaveOne®) foram usados. No grupo iRace®, foram utilizados os instrumentos R1 (15/.06), R2 (25/.04) e R3 (30/.04). No grupo Mtwo®, foram utilizados os instrumentos 10/.04, 15/.05, 20/.06, 25/.06. Nos grupos Reciproc® e WaveOne®, foram utilizados os instrumentos R25 e 25.04, respectivamente. A extrusão apical de debris foi calculada pela diferença entre os pesos dos tubos Eppendorf antes e após a instrumentação. A análise estatística foi feita usando o teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Resultados: O grupo iRace® demonstrou significativamente mais extrusão quando comparado ao Reciproc (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos Mtwo®, Reciproc®, e WaveOne® (p>0,05). Conclusão: Todos os sistemas avaliados produziram extrusão apical de debris. O Sistema iRace® produziu mais extrusão apical de debris do que o Sistema Reciproc® e não foi observada diferença entre os sistemas Mtwo®, Reciproc® e WaveOne®.

Replantation of avulsed tooth: a step-by-step report

Introduction: Avulsion is a serious injury that causes damage to dental and supportive tissues, and is characterized by complete displacement of a tooth from its socket. In most situations, replantation is the treatment of choice for permanent tooth avulsion, and appropriate management is critical for a good prognosis in these cases. Previous studies have shown that the level of knowledge of dentists regarding the management of an avulsed tooth is deficient and have underscored the importance of continuing dental education to further the knowledge of general dentists in the urgency management of permanent avulsed teeth. Objective: This report aims to present a step-by-step clinical sequence involving the reimplantation of a mature permanent tooth that suffered avulsion,following the CARE guide. Case report: Tooth 21, stored in milk, was reimplanted 2 hours after avulsion and stabilized with flexible containment. The clinical steps were carried out according to the recommendations of the International Association of Dental Traumatology. Endodontic treatment was started five days after reimplantation, with periodic changes of intracanal medication. The patientis currently under follow-up, with no negative signs or symptoms related to avulsion. Conclusion: Dental reimplantation after avulsion should be performed after a thorough systemic and oral diagnosis and tooth storage conditions, with a clinical protocol based on scientific evidence of associations of dentoalveolar trauma.

Introdução: A avulsão é uma injuria grave que causa sérios danos aos tecidos de suporte do doente e é caracterizada pelo completo deslocamento do elemento dentário de dentro do alvéolo. O reimplante é, na maioria das situações, o tratamento de escolha para o dente permanente avulsionado e uma conduta correta é necessária para um bom prognostico nestes casos. Estudos prévios mostram que o conhecimento de dentistas sobre o manejo de um dente que sofreu avulsão é deficiente e destacam a importância da educação continuada, com a intenção de aumentar o nível de conhecimento de dentistas clínicos frente a urgências envolvendo dentes avulsionados. Objetivo: este relato tem como objetivo apresentar uma sequência clínica passo-a-passo envolvendo o reimplante de um dente permanente maduro que sofreu avulsão, seguindo o guia CARE. Relato do caso: O dente 21, armazenado em leite, foi reimplantado 2 horas após a avulsão e estabilizado com contenção flexível. As etapas clínicas foram realizadas conforme as recomendações da Associação Internacional de Traumatismos Dentários. O tratamento endodôntico foi iniciado cinco dias após o reimplante, com trocas periódicas de medicação intracanal. Atualmente o paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento, sem sinais ou sintomas negativos relacionados a avulsão. Conclusão: O reimplante dental após avulsão deve ser realizado após minucioso diagnóstico e condições de armazenamento do dente, com protocolo clínico embasado nas evidências científicas das associações de traumatismos dentoalveolares.

Extrusão apical de debris após o uso de um instrumento reciprocante e uso suplementar de instrumento com liga MaxWire / Apically Extruded Debris Using Reciprocating Single File and Additional Use of MaxWire Allow File

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a quantidade de debris extruídos apicalmente após o preparo do canal com o WaveOne Gold e o uso suplementar do instrumento XP-Endo Finisher. Material e Métodos: Quarenta pré-molares humanos com canal único foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos (n = 20): preparo com instrumento WaveOne Gold e preparo com instrumento WaveOne Gold + XP-Endo Finisher. Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados seguindo as instruções do fabricante e a água destilada foi usada como irrigante. Debris extruídos apicalmente durante a instrumentação foram coletados em tubos Eppendorf pesados previamente em balança analítico. O peso dos detritos extruídos foi estabelecido subtraindo-se o peso pré-instrumentação e pós-instrumentação dos tubos Eppendorf para cada grupo. Resultados: Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Shapiro-Wilk e Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,66) em relação à quantidade debris extruídos apicalmente. Conclusão: A presença de debris extruídos apicalmente ocorreu nos dois grupos; no entanto, o uso adicional do instrumento XP-Endo Finisher não contribuiu para o aumento significativo da extrusão apical de detritos quando comparado ao uso isolado do instrumento WaveOne Gold.

Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris after the preparation with WaveOne Gold and additional use of XP-Endo Finisher file. Material and Methods: Forty human one-rooted premolars were selected and divided into two groups (n=20): WaveOne Gold and WaveOne Gold and XP-Endo finisher. Subsequently, the root canals were instrumented following the manufacturer's instructions and distilled water was used as irrigant. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre-instrumentation and postinstrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. Results: The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant level of 5%. There was no significant difference between groups (p=0.66) in relation to apically extruded debris. Conclusion: apically extruded debris occurred in both groups; however, the additional use of the XP-Endo Finisher instrument did not contribute to the significant increase of apical extrusion of debris when compared to the isolated use of WaveOne Gold

Oral status, sense of coherence, religious-spiritual coping, socio-economic characteristics, and quality of life in young patients.

BACKGROUND: Several factors can influence the oral health. AIM: To explore the clinical factors, individual characteristics, and environmental factors (religious-spiritual coping-RSC, sense of coherence [SOC], and socio-economic status) related to oral status and impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children/adolescents (C/A). DESIGN: This study evaluated C/A up to 15 years old and their caregivers. Number of decayed (NDT) and missing teeth (NMT); history of dental trauma; caregiver's RSC and SOC, socio-economic factors, and OHRQoL were evaluated. Theoretical model exploring the direct and indirect effects was tested using a structural equation analysis. RESULTS: For younger group (0-6 years), having more NDT or more NMT had a greater impact on the OHRQoL (ß = 0.382, ß = 0.203, respectively). In the oldest group (7-15 years), a higher SOC had an inverse relationship with the impact on the family OHRQoL (ß=-0.201). The higher the age of the C/A, the lower the NDT (ß=-0.235), and the higher the family income the lower, the need for social benefit (ß = 0.275). Indirect relationships were observed between schooling with social benefit and OHRQoL in younger group. The family income indirectly influenced the OHRQoL in oldest group. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is affected directly and indirectly by environmental characteristics, oral status, and the age of patients.

Risk Factors for Different Types of Traumatic Injuries in Primary Teeth

Abstract Objective: To evaluate traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in primary teeth and the association of gender and age with different injuries. Material and Methods: Records of patients with TDI in primary teeth were included. The following parameters were registered: gender and age, place of trauma, cause of trauma, affected tissue and tooth, number of injured teeth, type of injury, and gingival and bone damage. A logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the interaction between gender and age on the occurrence of types of injuries (p≤0.05). Results: The total of 721 records were evaluated and 370 records were included, being 61.6% boys and 60.5% children aged 0-3 years old, with 658 primary teeth affected. The support tissue was most affected (496/658), followed by dental tissue (139/658). Enamel/dentine fracture with pulp exposure (n=51) and intrusion (n=131) were the most common injuries of dental and support tissues, respectively. In general, boys suffered more traumas than girls, regardless of the age range. As for concussion, logistic regression confirms that gender and age are also influencers. Girls (OR=1.822, CI = 1.050-3.164, p=0.033) in the 4-6 year age group (OR=2.15, CI = 1.239-3.747, p=0.007) are more likely to have concussions. Children age 4-6 years were less likely to suffer an intrusion (OR=0.496; CI = 0.278-0.886; p=0.018). Conclusion: Gender and age influence concussion and intrusion in the primary teeth.

Complicated crown fracture treatment and its impact on quality of life related to oral health: report of two cases

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report on the management of two complicated crown fractures of the permanent incisors and how the treatment of these injuries influences quality of life related to oral health (QHRQoL). Case report : In the first case, pulpectomy was performed because of pulp necrosis and complete rhizogenesis. In the second case, pulpotomy was performed, as the pulp had vitality and the tooth had incomplete rhizogenesis. Fragment bonding was carried out in both cases. QHRQoL was assessed before and one week after treatment. In case 1, scores varied from 32 to 9 in the CPQ 11-14, from 42 to 12 in the P-CPQ, and from 24 to 4 in the FIS. In case 2, scores varied from 38 to 20 in the CPQ 8-10 , from 94 to 28 in the P-CPQ, and from 39 to 10 in the FIS. Conclusion : Fragment bonding is an efficient solution, as well as endodontic therapy. Furthermore, dental trauma treatment improved the quality of life of children and their families and could be observed one week after treatment.

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi relatar o manejo de duas fraturas complicadas de incisivos permanentes e como o tratamento destas lesões dentárias influencia a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QHRQoL). Relato de caso: No primeiro caso, foi realizada pulpectomia devido necrose pulpar e rizogênese completa. No segundo caso, a pulpotomia foi realizada, pois, a polpa apresentava vitalidade e o dente rizogênese incompleta. A colagem dos fragmentos foi realizada emambos os casos. QHRQoL foi avaliada antes e uma semana após o tratamento. No caso 1, os escores variaram de 32 a 9 no CPQ 11-14 , de 42 a 12 no P-CPQ e de 24 a 4 no FIS. No caso 2, os escores variaram de 38 a 20 no CPQ 8-10 , de 94 a 28 no P- CPQ e de 39 a 10 no FIS. Conclusã : A colagem de fragmentos é uma solução eficiente, assim como a terapia endodôntica. Além disso o tratamento do traumatismo dentário promoveu uma melhora na qualidade de vida das crianças e suas famílias, e podendo ser observado uma semana após o tratamento.

Accuracy of the initial diameter of finishing files and Gutta-Percha cones of the protaper Universal System

Objective: to assess the accuracy of the nominal initial diameter of ProTaper Universal® finishing files and their respective gutta-percha cones. Method : ProTaper Universal® finishing files, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 and corresponding ProTaper cones were used (10 of each). A Profile Projector was used to evaluate the initial diameter of files and cones. All measurements were repeated twice and performed by a single trained operator. A descriptive analysis of the files' initial diameters was performed considering the tolerance limit established by the ADA number 101. According to this standard, the files F1, F2 and F3 have a tolerance limit of ± 0.025 mm and the files F4 and F5 ± 0.05 mm. The same tolerance limit was used to evaluate the cones. The initial diameters of the instruments and cones studied were compared with the nominal values given by the manufacturer through Student's T test (pd"0.05). Results: No finishing file group showed adequate accuracy (pd"0.05). Accuracy was verified only from the F5 ProTaper cone group (p> 0.05). It was verified that 30% (n=15) of the finishing files and 20% (n = 10) of the cones exceeded the tolerance limits. Conclusion : Accuracy was not observed for any file and it was identified only in the F5 ProTaper Universal® cone. Most files and cones were within the tolerance limits established by the ADA.

Objetivo: Analisar a acurácia do diâmetro inicial dos instrumentos de acabamento do sistema ProTaper Universal® e seus respectivos cones de guta-percha. Método: Foram utilizados instrumentos de acabamento do sistema ProTaper Universal® F1, F2, F3, F4 e F5 e cones de guta-percha ProTaper correspondentes (10 de cada). O projetor de perfil foi usado para avaliar o diâmetro inicial dos instrumentos e cones. Todas as medições foram feitas duas vezes por um único operador treinado. Uma análise descritiva do diâmetro inicial dos instrumentos foi realizada considerando o limite de tolerância proposto pela ADA número 101. De acordo com essa norma, os instrumentos F1, F2 e F3 tem um limite de tolerância de ± 0.025 mm e os instrumentos F4 e F5 ± 0.05 mm. O mesmo limite de tolerância foi utilizado para avaliar os cones. Os diâmetros iniciais dos instrumentos e cones estudados foram comparados com os valores nominais dados pelo fabricante através do teste T (pd"0.05). Resultados: Foi verificada acurácia somente do cone de guta-percha ProTaper do grupo F5 (p>0,05). Nenhum grupo de instrumento de acabamento apresentou acurácia (pd"0,05). Foi verificado que 30% (n=15) dos instrumentos de acabamento e 20% (n=10) dos cones excederam o limite de tolerância. Conclusão: Acurácia não foi verificada em nenhum instrumento ProTaper Universal® e somente o cone F5 apresentou acurácia. A maioria dos instrumentos e cones estavam dentro do limite de tolerância proposto pela ADA.

Profile of intrusive luxation and healing complications in deciduous and permanent teeth - a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study analyse the profile of intrusion in deciduous (DT) and permanent teeth (PT), the occurrence of healing complications (HC), type of treatments and predisposing factors. METHODS: The records of patients attended from 2005 to 2011 were analysed. Records of patients who had one or more intruded DT or PT were included in the study. Data collected from dental records included age, gender, attendance (immediate/mediate), healing complications and type of treatment. A Chi-square test and Logistic regression (p ≤ .05) were performed to evaluate the associations between the type of teeth and presence of HC, as well as to explore the interactions between predisposing factors. RESULTS: The intrusion prevalence was 9.98% in DT and 2.45% in PT. Partial intrusion (57.3%) with palatal direction of the crown (61.8%) was most prevalent in DT, while complete intrusion (56.7%) with buccal direction of the crown (58.1%) was predominant for PT. Mobility was the most common HC in DT compared to root resorption in PT. Minimally invasive treatments were the most common therapy for DT compared to invasive treatments for PT. PT demonstrated increased HC when compared to DT (p = .004). A logistic regression illustrated that the level of intrusion and crown direction during the trauma did not influence the occurrence of HC (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Intrusion's profile in DT and PT are different. PT showed more HC than DT, however the level of intrusion and crown direction were not associated with the presence of HC.

Knowledge of paediatric patients and their guardians about mouth guards

Introduction: Mouth guards are devices used to prevent injuries during sports activities. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of paediatric patients and their guardians about mouth guards. Methods: Paediatric patients from 9 to 15 years old and their guardians who sought care in the Paediatric Clinic of the Dentistry School were invited to participate. Their knowledge about mouth guards was collected through a two-part questionnaire with open and closed ended questions. The first part of the questionnaire contained sociodemographic questions and a main question about what a mouth guard is. The second part was solely about mouth guards and was applied immediately after an explanation about mouth guards at the end of the first part. All data collected were tabulated and analysed descriptively. Results: A total of 122 guardians were interviewed; 39.3% had children who practised some type of sports activity and 32% reported a trauma episode. Most (54.9%) did not know what a mouth guard was but, after explanation, 57.4% had seen someone using one. A total of 33 paediatric patients were interviewed, 60.6% of whom practised some sport; 27.3% of these had already suffered some type of dental trauma during the activity. None of the interviewees used a mouth guard during their sports activity, although 97% believed that using a mouth guard was important and 78.8% believed that the protector did not interfere with the activity. Conclusion: Guardians and paediatric patients have little knowledge about mouth guards.

Introdução: Os protetores bucais são usados para prevenir lesões durante atividades esportivas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o conhecimento sobre os protetores bucais dos pacientes pediátricos e seus responsáveis. Métodos: Pacientes pediátricos de 9 a 15 anos, que procuraram atendimento na Clínica Pediátrica da Faculdade de Odontologia e seus responsáveis foram convidados a participar. Seu conhecimento sobre protetores bucais foi coletado através de um questionário em duas partes com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A primeira parte do questionário continha algumas questões sociodemográficas e uma questão principal sobre o que é um protetores bucais. A segunda parte era apenas sobre protetores bucais e foi aplicada imediatamente após uma explicação sobre os protetores bucais no final da primeira parte. Todos os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultado: Um total de 122 guardiões foram entrevistados, 39.3% tiveram crianças que praticavam algum tipo de atividade esportiva e 32% relataram um episódio de trauma. A maioria (54.9%) não sabia o que é um protetor bucal, mas após a explicação, 57.4% tinham visto alguém usando um. Um total de 33 pacientes pediátricos foram entrevistados, 60.6% praticaram algum esporte e 27.3% deles já sofreram algum tipo de trauma dental durante a atividade. Nenhum dos entrevistados usa um protetor bucal durante a atividade esportiva, embora 97% acreditem que usar um protetor bucal é importante e 78.8% acreditam que o protetor não interfere com a atividade. Conclusão: Em conclusão, os guardiões e pacientes pediátricos têm pouco conhecimento sobre os protetores bucais.

Electromagnetic interference of dental equipment with implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

OBJECTIVE: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The aim of this study was to assess both the EMI of dental equipments with ICDs and related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High- and low-speed handpieces, an electric toothbrush, an implant motor and two types of ultrasonic devices were tested next to an ICD with different sensitivity settings. The ICD was immersed in a saline solution with electrical resistance of 400-800 ohms to simulate the resistance of the human body. The dental equipments were tested in both horizontal (0°) and vertical (90°) positions in relation to the components of the ICD. The tests were performed with a container containing saline solution, which was placed on a dental chair in order to assess the cumulative effect of electromagnetic fields. RESULTS: The dental chair, high- and low-speed handpieces, electric toothbrush, implant motor and ultrasonic devices caused no EMI with the ICD, irrespective of the program set-up or positioning. No cumulative effect of electromagnetic fields was verified. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the devices tested are safe for use in patients with an ICD.

Is caries a risk factor for dental trauma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The association between trauma and caries is still controversial in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between caries and dental trauma through a systematic review with meta-analysis. DESIGN: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases. The MeSH terms used were 'Tooth injuries', 'Tooth fractures', 'Tooth avulsion', 'Tooth movement'; 'Dental caries'; 'DMF index'; and 'Tooth demineralization'. MeSH synonyms, related terms, and free terms were included. The inclusion criteria comprised clinical investigations of subjects with and without caries that had suffered dental trauma. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out. Meta-analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and the odds ratio was also calculated (P < 0.05). RESULTS: From 1290 abstracts, seven met the inclusion criteria. All studies had high methodological quality and five were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated a positive association (P < 0.001) between dental trauma and dental caries in permanent teeth [OR: 1.490, 95%, CI: 1.209-1.835]. However, for children with primary teeth, the results showed a negative association (P = 0.006) between dental trauma and caries [OR: 0.706, 95%, CI: 0.550-0.906]. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated positive and negative association between the presence of caries and dental trauma in permanent and primary teeth, respectively.

Electromagnetic interference of endodontic equipments with cardiovascular implantable electronic device.

OBJECTIVES: Assess the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of endodontic equipment with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and related factors. METHODS: The laser device, electronic apex locators (EAL), optical microscope, endodontic rotary motors, gutta-percha heat carrier (GH), gutta-percha gun and ultrasonic device were tested next to CIEDs (Medtronic and Biotronik) with varied sensitivity settings and distances. CIEDs were immersed in a saline solution to simulate the electrical resistence of the human body. The endodontic equipment was tested in both horizontal and vertical positions in relation to the components of the CIED. The tests were performed on a dental chair in order to assess the cumulative effect of electromagnetic fields. RESULTS: It was found no EMI with the Biotronik pacemaker. EALs caused EMI with Medtronic PM at a 2 cm distance, with the NSK(®) EAL also affecting the Medtronic defibrillator. GH caused EMI at 2 cm and 5 cm from the Medtronic defibrillator. EMI occurred when devices were horizontally positioned to the CIED. In the majority of the cases, EMI occurred when the pacemaker was set to maximum sensitivity. There was cumulative effect of electromagnetic fields between GH and dental chair. CONCLUSIONS: EALs and GH caused EMI which ranged according to type and sensitivity setting of the CIEDs and the distance. However, no endodontic equipment caused permanent damage to the CIED. The use of GH caused a cumulative effect of electromagnetic fields. It suggests that during the treatment of patients with CIEDs, only the necessary equipments should be kept turned on. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patients with CIEDs may be subject to EMI from electronic equipment used in dental offices, as they remain turned on throughout the treatment. This is the first article assessing the cumulative effect of electromagnetic fields.

Prevalence of soft tissue injuries in pediatric patients and its relationship with the quest for treatment.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Soft tissue injuries (STI) are common in children and adolescents. This retrospective study evaluated the frequency of STI, gender, type of injury, and its location in pediatric patients, comparing the different age groups and how the presence of these lesions influences the pursuit for immediate care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of patients 0-15 years old who had been treated between 2005 and 2013 at the Dental Trauma Surveillance Center, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro were included in this study. Records with incomplete data and those in which the patient took more than 2 weeks to seek attendance were excluded. The data collected included the age and gender of the patient, the frequency, type and location of the injury, and immediate treatment (<24 h). Data were analyzed descriptively and with the chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Of the 543 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 56.2% had STI, and males (65.6%), and the age group of 0-3 years (39.7%) were the most affected. The concomitant presence of lesions in the intra- and extra-oral region was the most frequent in all age groups. In the extra-oral region, contusion (20.7%) and abrasion (19.3%) were more common to the upper lip and laceration to the lower lip (18.4%). In the intra-oral region, the injury was more frequent to the gums (41%), while the lips were the most affected by abrasion (12.2%) and laceration (24.9%). Regardless of the age groups, the pursuit for immediate care was statistically influenced by the presence of soft tissue lesions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a high prevalence of STI in the study sample; the lesions were more common in boys and in patients aged 0-3 years. The presence of STI proved to be a determining factor for the pursuit for immediate care.

Abordagem multidisciplinar no tratamento de um paciente pediátrico com traumatismo dentário / Multidisciplinary approach to treat a pediatric patient with dental trauma

Objetivou-se relatar uma abordagem multidisciplinar na reabilitação funcional e estética após traumatismo dentário em um pacientepediátrico. Um paciente do sexo masculino, 9 anos de idade, apresentou-se com fratura coronária complexa do elemento 21 e impactação do elemento 11 devido a presença de odontoma. No elemento 11, após a remoção do odontoma foi observado a sua erupção espontânea restabelecendo sua estética e função. No elemento 21, o paciente recebeu um tratamento multidisciplinar, no qual realizou-se: aumento de coroa clínica, tracionamento ortodôntico, tratamento endodôntico, cimentação de retentor intrarradicular e restauração estética. As abordagens multidisciplinares são componentes importantes para o sucesso da reabilitação funcional e estética de complexas fraturas coronárias.

The objective was to report a multidisciplinary approach in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation after dental trauma in apediatric patient. A male patient, 9 years old, presented with a complex crown fracture of the element 21 and 11 impaction of the element due to the presence of odontoma. In element 11, after the removal of odontoma was found at his spontaneous eruption restoring its function and aesthetics. In element 21, the patient received a multidisciplinary treatment, following: an increase in clinical crown, orthodontic traction, endodontic treatment, cement retainer intraradicular and aesthetic restoration. Multidisciplinary approaches are important components for successful rehabilitation of complex functional and aesthetic crown fractures.